Nancy now removes the martingale, and repeats the same work to check that he has learned to carry himself without leaning on the reins.  The rider uses small half halts to keep him upright and her wrists to encourage his flexion.  He responds by chewing while continuing to push from behind. They work on getting him a bit more responsive to the canter depart and Nancy clearly describes the aids to accomplish this.  The rider describes how using the German martingale helped her, and Nancy finishes by explaining the difference between using draw reins and German martingale.